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1.
Cambios rev med ; 21(2): 859, 30 Diciembre 2022. tabs, grafs.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415514

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN. La patología de oído es una enfermedad frecuente en nuestro medio, asociada a infecciones a repetición del oído, con la presencia de perforación timpánica y colesteatoma, que determinará la presencia de lesiones mucho más acentuadas en cuanto a la evolución auditiva o complicaciones locales o sistémicas. OBJETIVO. Determinar la asociación existente entre la presencia de colesteatoma y perforación timpánica en pacientes con otitis media crónica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio epidemiológico analítico retrospectivo. Población de 4 733 y muestra de 75 pacientes para casos y 75 para controles basados en historias clínicas tomadas del sistema informático AS 400, que acudieron a la consulta externa de torrinolaringología del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el periodo de enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2019; Criterios de inclusión para grupo de casos: Hombres y mujeres de 20 a 65 años de edad, diagnóstico de otitis media crónica, diagnóstico de colesteatoma ótico. Criterios de inclusión para grupo controles: Hombres y mujeres de 20 a 65 años de edad, no presentar diagnóstico de colesteatoma. RESULTADOS. Se observó una relación fuerte entre el poseer perforación timpánica y el desarrollo de colesteatoma con un valor de OR 33,14 con un IC al 95% de 31,94 ­ 34,34, con lo que se comprobó la hipótesis del estudio. Se determinó que la perforación timpánica es un factor de riesgo asociado con el desarrollo de colesteatoma en pacientes con otitis media crónica, la prevalencia de colesteatoma en relación a la edad estuvo en un 72% en pacientes de 41 a 65 años, con mayor predominancia en mujeres en un 57,3%. DISCUSIÓN. La presencia de perforación timpánica de acuerdo a lo observado es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de colesteatoma, ligado en su mayoría a cuadros de Otitis Media Crónica. CONCLUSIONES. Se confirmó que la perforación timpánica, es un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo del colesteatoma en los pacientes que tienen otitis media crónica, lo que demuestra la necesidad de manejo actualizado y continuo en pacientes con esta patología de oído. Se requieren estudios con muestras más amplias para determinar otros factores de riesgo como sexo, nivel de educación y edad que podrían influir en el desarrollo de colesteatoma.


INTRODUCTION. Ear pathology is a frequent disease in our environment, associated with repeated ear infections, with the presence of tympanic perforation and cholesteatoma, which will determine the presence of much more accentuated lesions in terms of auditory evolution or local or systemic complications. OBJECTIVE. To determine the association between the presence of cholesteatoma and tympanic perforation in patients with chronic otitis media. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective analytical epidemiological study. Population of 4 733 and sample of 75 patients for cases and 75 for controls based on clinical histories taken from the AS 400 computer system, who attended the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital in the period from January 2018 to December 2019; Inclusion criteria for case group: Men and women aged 20 to 65 years, diagnosis of chronic otitis media, diagnosis of otic cholesteatoma. Inclusion criteria for controls group: men and women aged 20 to 65 years, no diagnosis of cholesteatoma. RESULTS. A strong relationship was observed between having tympanic perforation and the development of cholesteatoma with an OR value of 33,14 with a 95% CI of 31,94 - 34,34, thus proving the study hypothesis. It was determined that tympanic perforation is a risk factor associated with the development of cholesteatoma in patients with chronic otitis media, the prevalence of cholesteatoma in relation to age was 72% in patients aged 41 to 65 years, with greater predominance in women in 57,3%. DISCUSSION. The presence of tympanic perforation according to what was observed is a risk factor for the development of cholesteatoma, mostly linked to Chronic Otitis Media. CONCLUSIONS. It was confirmed that tympanic perforation is a risk factor in the development of cholesteatoma in patients with chronic otitis media, which demonstrates the need for updated and continuous management in patients with this ear pathology. Studies with larger samples are required to determine other risk factors such as sex, education level and age that could influence the development of cholesteatoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Otolaryngology , Tympanic Membrane , Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear , Ear/pathology , Ear Diseases , Ear, Middle , Otitis Media , Tympanic Membrane Perforation , Earache , Ecuador
2.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 49(1): 73-76, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1152179

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad la educación médica está pasando por un momento de crisis dado que se requiere de una implementación de estrategias pedagógicas basadas en modelos educativos constructivistas, que deje a un lado parte del modelo educativo tradicional. Actualmente se requiere de nuevos cambios al modelo pedagógico en la especialidad de otorrinolaringología para la formación de los médicos residentes de primera y segunda especialidad, debido al estado de pandemia global. Apoyarse en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación aplicadas a la educación médica merece tener más relevancia en los programas formativos; asi mismo, es importante una mirada educativa donde la alteridad (nos-otros) tome relevancia con un papel activo entre el cuerpo docente y el estudiantado, sin dejar a un lado la participación de los centros de formación académica mediante un trabajo en conjunto. Este, es el nuevo horizonte educativo de los programas de posgrados médico-quirúrgicos.


Medical education is currently going through a time of crisis where it requires an implementation of pedagogical strategies based on constructivist educational models and leaves aside part of the traditional educational model. Currently, further changes and adjustments to the educational model in the specialty of otolaryngology are required for the training of first and second specialty resident physicians by the global pandemic state. Relying on information and communication technologies applied to medical education deserves more relevance in training programs, likewise an educational look where the otherness (We-Others) takes relevance with an active role among the groups of teachers and students without leaving aside the participation of the academic formation centers by means of a joint work, this is the new educational horizon for medical-surgical postgraduate programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Otolaryngology/education , Teaching , Education, Medical/methods , COVID-19 , Internship and Residency
3.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 49(2): 121-128, 2021. ILUS, TAB, GRAF
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1253866

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la pandemia puede generar compromiso en la salud mental y los otorrinolaringólogos son los especialistas con mayor riesgo de exposición y contagio por SARS-CoV-2. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en otorrinolaringólogos de Hispanoamérica, donde se evaluaron variables socioeconómico/demográficas y su asociación con las escalas PHQ-9 y GAD-7. Resultados: se estudiaron 256 otorrinolaringólogos de dieciséis países de Hispanoamérica. La escala PHQ-9 presentó una media de 5,45 (DE 4,22). La escala GAD-7 presentó una media de 4,55 (DE 3,457). La prevalencia de depresión mayor y ansiedad fue del 14,8 % y 7 %, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado, los otorrinolaringólogos a los que se les ha realizado prueba con hisopado nasofaríngeo tienen una predicción significativa para presentar una puntuación alta en la escala PHQ-9 (coeficiente ß = 2,350; p=0.027). En la puntuación de la escala GAD-7, los individuos con mayor edad tienen una predicción significativa de menor puntuación en la escala (coeficiente ß = -0,144; p=0,002). Los otorrinolaringólogos con más años de experiencia (coeficiente ß = 0,909; p=0,037) y aquellos a los que les han realizado prueba de RT-PCR con hisopado nasofaríngeo para SARS-CoV-2 tienen una predicción significativa para presentar una puntuación alta en la escala GAD-7 (coeficiente ß = 2,370; p=0,027). Conclusión: en el transcurso de la pandemia, los otorrinolaringólogos de Hispanoamérica han presentado cambios drásticos de sus condiciones sociales y económicas y experimentado sus potenciales efectos en la salud mental. La exposición a al hisopado nasofaríngeo para el diagnóstico de COVID-19 fue la única variable independiente que se asoció con aumento de las puntuaciones en las escalas GAD-7 y PHQ-9.


Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic could affect the mental health, especially to the health workforce directly exposed to the virus. ENT surgeons have one of the highest risks of exposure and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Cross-sectional study in otolaryngologists from Hispanoamerica. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were evaluated with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 score. Results: 256 ENT surgeons from sixteen Hispanoamerican countries were studied. The PHQ-9 scale presented an average of 5.45 (SD 4.22). The GAD-7 score presented an average of 4.55 (SD 3.457). The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorders were 14.8 % and 7 %, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the otolaryngologists who have been tested by nasopharyngeal swab have a significant prediction to present a higher score on the PHQ-9 score (coefficient ß = 2.350, p=0.027), while on the GAD-7 score, older individuals have a significant prediction of lower score (coefficient ß = -0.144, p=0.002). Otolaryngologists with more years of experience (coefficient ß = 0.909, p=0.037) and those who have undergone RT-PCR testing with nasopharyngeal swab have a significant prediction to present a higher GAD-7 (coefficient ß = 2.370, p = 0.027). Conclusion: During the pandemic, otolaryngologists in Hispanoamerica have presented drastic changes in their social and economic conditions, and their potential effects on mental health. Exposure to the nasopharyngeal swab test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 was the only independent variable that was associated with higher scores on GAD-7 and PHQ-9.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Health , Otolaryngologists/psychology , COVID-19/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Linear Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/etiology , Patient Health Questionnaire , COVID-19/epidemiology
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1349476

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las patologías otorrinolaringológicas son de alta prevalencia en el mundo; en Colombia se han realizado pocos estudios sobre la frecuencia de estas patologías. A través del sistema integrado de protección social (SISPRO) y los códigos de Registros Individuales de Prestación de Servicios de salud (RIPS) es posible tener información oportuna, suficiente y estandarizada para la toma de decisiones en el sector de la salud. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis descriptivo de las principales características demográficas de la población con las principales patologías otorrinolaringológicas en Colombia. Resultados: se encontró que la rinitis alérgica y las patologías vertiginosas corresponden a las principales causas de consulta en este país, y las patologías infecciosas ocupan un papel importante especialmente en la población menor de 5 años. Adicionalmente, la gran mayoría de las patologías prevalentes en Colombia pueden ser manejadas en instituciones de primer nivel o atención primaria. Conclusión: es importante conocer la prevalencia de patologías en otorrinolaringología en Colombia para implementar campañas que divulguen su diagnóstico y tratamiento entre los médicos generales, médicos familiares y pediatras, con el fin de tener una adecuada cobertura a nivel nacional.


Introduction: ENT pathologies are highly prevalent in the world and few studies have been carried out in Colombia regarding this topic. Through the integrated social protection system (SISPRO by its acronym in Spanish) and the codes of Individual Registries for the Provision of Health Services (RIPS by its acronym in Spanish) it is possible to have standardized information for decision-making in the health sector. Objective: The purpose of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the main demographic characteristics of the population with the main ENT pathologies in Colombia. Results: It was found that allergic rhinitis and vertiginous pathologies correspond to the main causes of consultation in this country and infectious pathologies occupy an important role in the population under 5 years of age. Additionally, the vast majority of the prevalent pathologies in Colombia can be managed in first-level institutions or primary care. Conclusions: It is important to know the prevalence of the main ENT pathologies in Colombia so we can implement campaigns that disseminate their diagnosis and treatment among general practitioners, family doctors and pediatricians in order to have adequate national coverage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Otolaryngology , Respiratory System , Epidemiology
5.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 49(3): 189-198, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1292708

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la infección por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tiene una elevada incidencia entre profesionales sanitarios, especialmente otorrinolaringólogos (ORL). El objetivo de este estudio fue recoger aspectos organizativos, de seguridad y de protección de los ORL durante el pico de la pandemia por la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) en España. Material y métodos: estudio transversal con una encuesta por correo electrónico a los socios ORL de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (SEORL-CCC). Resultados: respondieron 408 profesionales. La atención a pacientes con COVID-19 representó más del 25 % de la actividad asistencial para el 24,4 % de los encuestados. 213 encuestados (52,6 %) respondieron que algún compañero había guardado cuarentena o dado positivo en la prueba. La cantidad de facultativos diagnosticados con COVID-19 o que guardó cuarentena por síntomas compatibles osciló entre 1 y 12 por hospital (media 2,2; mediana 2) y se encontró una mayor incidencia en las regiones con mayor incidencia de coronavirus (62,1 % frente a 41,8 %; p < 0,001), atención directa a pacientes con COVID-19 (81 % frente a 46,4 %; p = 0,001) y actividad de guardias (p = 0,01). El 61,5 % de los especialistas en hospitalización y el 40,4 % en consultas no contaron siempre con la protección personal aconsejada. Conclusiones: la pandemia por COVID-19 ha alterado la organización y la actividad asistencial de los servicios de otorrinolaringología. Importancia clínica: los especialistas ORL no han contado siempre con los equipos de protección aconsejados por los protocolos y una cantidad relevante se ha visto afectada por la COVID-19.


Introduction: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a high incidence among healthcare professionals, especially otorhinolaryngologists (ENT). Study objective: The objective of this study was to collect organizational, safety and protection aspects of otorhinolaryngologists during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Spain. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study with an e-mail survey to the ENT partners of the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC). Results: 408 professionals completed the survey. Care of patients with COVID-19 represented more than 25% of healthcare activity for 24.4% of respondents. 213 respondents (52.6%) answered that a colleague tested positive or had been quarantined. The number of ENT surgeons diagnosed with COVID-19 or who were quarantined for compatible symptoms ranged between 1 and 12 per hospital (mean 2.2; median 2) and was related to regions with the highest incidence of coronavirus (62.1% vs. 41,8%; p <0.001), direct care for patients with COVID-19 (81% vs. 46.4%; p = 0.001) and on call activity (p = 0.01). 61.5% of the specialists attending inpatients and 40.4% attending outpatients did not always have the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the organization and care activity of the otorhinolaryngology departments. Clinical importance: ENT specialists have not always had the protective equipment recommended by the protocols and a significant number have been affected by COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , Otolaryngology , Attention , Equipment Safety
6.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cuello (En línea) ; 49(3): 207-214, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1292713

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) ha cambiado la practica quirúrgica. Su aparición en nuestro país ha provocado el aplazamiento masivo de las cirugías electivas. La evidencia actual sobre los desenlaces de las cirugías electivas de otorrinolaringología durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es limitada. Objetivo: describir la experiencia quirúrgica durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un departamento de otorrinolaringología en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo que incluyó las historias clínicas y las descripciones quirúrgicas de los pacientes que fueron llevados a cirugía de otorrinolaringología durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en dos hospitales, entre el 5 de mayo y el 15 de agosto de 2020 en Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 199 pacientes (122 hombres con una mediana de edad de 28 años). Ningún paciente falleció o requirió del ingreso a una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). El 97,5 % de las cirugías fueron electivas. 19,5 % pacientes desarrollaron síntomas relacionados con COVID-19 en el posoperatorio; de los pacientes evaluados, solo uno obtuvo un resultado positivo posquirúrgico para COVID-19 y no desarrolló ninguna complicación. Seis pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones después de la cirugía y uno tuvo neumonía con resultado negativo en la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa nasofaríngeo (PCR) para COVID-19. Conclusiones: a pesar de la alta exposición a aerosoles durante las cirugías de otorrinolaringología y la alta transmisibilidad del virus, los resultados sugieren que estas cirugías, con el uso apropiado del equipo de protección personal (EPP), y la adecuada selección de los pacientes son seguras para el paciente y para el otorrinolaringólogo.


Introduction: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has changed global surgical activity causing massive elective surgery postponement. Current evidence surrounding surgical outcomes after otorhinolaryngological surgical procedures during COVID-19 pandemic is limited. Objective: To describe our surgical experience during COVID-19 outbreak in an otolaryngology department in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This retrospective study analysed the records and surgical information of adults and children's patients who underwent an elective or emergency ENT surgery during COVID-19 outbreak at two hospitals between May 5 to August 15, 2020 in Bogotá, Colombia. Results: A total of 199 patients were enrolled (122 males, median age of 28 years). No patients died or required intensive unit care (ICU). Elective surgery represented the 97.5% surgeries. 19.5% patients had COVID-19 related symptoms in the postoperative period, from the tested patients only one obtained a positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result and did not develop any associated respiratory complication. Six patients developed complications after surgery, and one had pneumonia with a negative COVID-19 PCR nasopharyngeal swab result. Conclusions: This study shows that despite the high exposure to droplets during otorhinolaryngologic surgeries and the inherent high transmissibility from the virus, the surgical procedures with correct patient selection and appropriate use of PPE can be safe for both the patient and the otolaryngologist.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , Otolaryngology , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Ambulatory Care Facilities
7.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 33(2): e1520, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130537

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Rapid and severe weight loss can result in the reduction of the ear tube lining fat tissue and it becomes patent, leading to symptoms such as autophony, aural fullness and tinnitus. Patients after bariatric surgery have, in theory, a predisposition to the development of such alteration. Aim: To evaluate the presence of patent tuba-related complaints in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, correlating with weight and body mass index (BMI) values, as well as demographic data. Methods: Cross-sectional study composed of the evaluation of patients undergoing bariatric surgery through a standardized questionnaire about the presence of symptoms compatible with ear tube patency. Results: Eighty patients were evaluated, 77 female and three males. The main comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (37.5%). Fifteen (18.75%) presented symptoms compatible with patent auditory/Eustachian tube - aural fullness and autophony - postoperatively. In symptomatic individuals the initial weight was 112 kg on average and the preoperative BMI was 45 kg/m², while in asymptomatic individuals the weight was 117 kg and BMI 47 kg/m². There was statistical significance in the comparison between individuals with and without symptoms in the variables of initial weight (p=0.00000), current weight (p=0.00029), preoperative BMI (p=0.00219) and postoperative BMI (p=0.00148). Conclusion: The presence of symptoms compatible with patent auditory/Eustachian tube was 18.75% of the patients submitted to bariatric surgery in the evaluated sample. Both preoperative weight and BMI were lower in symptomatic patients when compared with the asymptomatic group.


RESUMO Racional: A perda ponderal rápida e intensa pode resultar na redução do tecido gorduroso de revestimento da tuba auditiva e ela se tornar patente, gerando sintomas como autofonia, plenitude aural e zumbido. Pacientes após operação bariátrica possuem, em teoria, predisposição para o desenvolvimento de tal alteração. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de queixas relacionadas à tuba patente em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, correlacionando com os valores de peso, índice de massa corpórea e de dados demográficos. Método: Estudo transversal composto pela avaliação de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica através de questionário padronizado, sobre a presença de sintomas compatíveis com patência de tuba auditiva. Resultados: Foram avaliados 80 pacientes, 77 mulheres e três homens. A principal comorbidade foi hipertensão arterial sistêmica (37,5%). Quinze (18,75%) apresentaram sintomas compatíveis com tuba auditiva patente - plenitude aural e autofonia - no pós-operatório. Nos sintomáticos o peso inicial era em média 112 kg e o IMC pré-operatório de 45 kg/m²; já nos assintomáticos o peso era de 117 kg e o IMC de 47 kg/m². Houve significância estatística na comparação entre indivíduos com e sem sintomas nas variáveis de peso inicial (p=0,00000), peso atual (p=0,00029), IMC pré-operatório (p=0,00219) e IMC pós-operatório (p=0,00148). Conclusão: A presença de sintomas compatíveis com tuba auditiva patente foi de 18,75% dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica na amostra avaliada. Tanto o peso pré-operatório, quanto o IMC foram menores nos pacientes sintomáticos, quando comparados com o grupo assintomático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Eustachian Tube/physiopathology , Hearing Disorders/etiology , Body Mass Index , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 37(4): 516-519, Oct.-Dec. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041365

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss aspects of pre and post-operative otorhinolaryngology surgery in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b. Case description: Description of three clinical cases with probable glycogen storage disease type 1b who underwent otorhinolaryngology surgery, showing the importance of multidisciplinary interaction to avoid episodes of hypoglycemia. Comments: Patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b present recurrent infections, including the otorhinolaryngology affections. When there is an indication for surgical treatment, the caloric intake should be carefully followed in order to prevent hypoglycemia. The way to ensure this is to perform the pre and postoperative period in the hospital ward. In the postoperative period, it is important to make a slow transition between the intravenous and oral routes and not suspend the infusion of glucose during the surgical procedure. The cases illustrate the need for the interaction of the otorhinolaryngologic surgeon with the anesthesiologist, the pediatrician and the gastro-pediatrician in the management of these patients, avoiding hypoglycemic episodes.


RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir aspectos de pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia otorrinolaringológica em pacientes com glicogenose tipo 1b. Descrição do caso: Descrição de três casos clínicos com provável glicogenose tipo 1b, que se submeteram à cirurgia otorrinolaringológica, mostrando a importância da interação multidisciplinar para evitar os episódios de hipoglicemia. Comentários: Pacientes com glicogenose tipo 1b apresentam infecções de repetição, incluindo as otorrinolaringológicas. Quando há indicação de tratamento cirúrgico, deve-se observar a garantia de aporte calórico para evitar hipoglicemia. A maneira de fazer isso é efetuar o pré e pós-operatório em enfermaria, tomando-se o cuidado, no pós-operatório, de realizar uma transição lenta entre a via endovenosa e a via oral e de não suspender a infusão de glicose durante o procedimento cirúrgico. Os casos ilustram a necessidade da interação do otorrinolaringologista com o anestesista, o pediatra e o gastropediatra na condução desses pacientes para que não desenvolvam hipoglicemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Tonsillectomy , Middle Ear Ventilation , Adenoidectomy , Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/surgery , Perioperative Care/methods
9.
CoDAS ; 31(1): e20180060, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-989647

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo descrever o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico e o desfecho da reabilitação fonoaudiológica de pacientes com câncer de laringe. Método estudo transversal com 204 pessoas atendidas entre 1989 e 2015. A associação entre desfecho da fonoterapia e variáveis de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínicas foi verificada por técnicas univariadas e multivariadas. Resultados prevalência do gênero masculino (95,10%), 60 anos ou mais (53,43%), ensino fundamental (77,37%), setor de serviços (44,12), tabagistas e etilistas (81,63%); estágio T3 (30,4%), ausência de nódulos (72,00%) e de metástase (85,6%). O procedimento terapêutico mais frequente foi a laringectomia total ou parcial (69,61%). Houve associação da escolaridade, estágio da doença, hábitos e procedimento terapêutico com desfecho da fonoterapia (p<0,001). Conclusão fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos podem interferir no prognóstico da reabilitação vocal de pessoas com câncer de laringe. A otimização e diversificação de novos procedimentos terapêuticos são desafios na reabilitação fonoaudiológica destas pessoas.


ABSTRACT Purpose to describe the clinical and sociodemographic profile and analyze the voice rehabilitation outcomes of patients with laryngeal cancer. Methods cross-sectional study with 204 individuals with laryngeal cancer treated between 1989 and 2015. The variables describing the patients' profile were presented in absolute values (n) and percentage (%). The association between the speech-language therapy outcome and the sociodemographic and clinical characterization variables was verified by means of uni- and multivariate techniques. Results 95.1% of the patients are male; 53.43% are aged 60 or more; 77.37% have elementary education; 44.12% are in the service industry; 81.63% smoke and consume alcohol; 30.4% are stage T3. Absence of nodules was found in 72.00%, and of metastasis, in 85.6% of patients. The most frequent therapeutic procedure was complete or partial laryngectomy (69.61%). There was an association among education, disease stage, habits, and therapeutic outcome with speech-language therapy (p<0.001). Conclusion Several causes can affect the prognosis of vocal rehabilitation in patients with laryngeal cancer. Optimization and diversification of new therapeutic procedures are challenges for these patients' speech-language rehabilitation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Voice Disorders/rehabilitation , Laryngeal Neoplasms/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Voice Disorders/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Treatment Outcome , Hospitals, University , Laryngectomy , Middle Aged
10.
Arch. med ; 17(1): 142-149, 20170600.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-868074

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades otorrinolaringológicas tienen una elevada incidencia en la población general, alrededor del 40% de las consultas a los servicios de salud se comprenden por motivos de consulta que incluyen alteraciones de oído, nariz y faringolaringe. Dichas patologías comúnmente reciben un abordaje erróneo que dificulta el establecimiento del diagnóstico específico lo que conlleva a un enfoque terapéutico inadecuado. En la actualidad existen diferentes técnicas moleculares que facilitan la identificación oportuna de algunos patógenos y a la vez ofrecen nuevas alternativas de tratamiento y manejo, a pesar de que muchas de estas aún requieren estudios con mayor rigor, ofrecen la posibilidad de desarrollar nuevas formas de abordar al paciente...(AU)


Otorhinolaryngological diseases have a high incidence in the general population; about 40% of the consultations to the health services are for reasons that referal that include alterations of ear, nose and pharyngolaringeal. Such pathologies commonly receive an erroneous approach that makes it difficult to establish the specific diagnosis leading to an inadequate therapeutic approach. Currently, there are different molecular techniques that facilitate the timely identification of some pathogens and offer new alternatives for treatment and management, although many of these still require more rigorous studies, offer the possibility of developing new ways of approaching patient...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases
11.
Med. U.P.B ; 35(2): 135-138, jul.-dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-837105

ABSTRACT

Los tumores de características malignas en áreas sinonasales ocupan el 3% - 5% de todos los tumores malignos, de estos, los linfomas no Hodgkin de células B son los más comúnmente encontrados. Se ha descrito el compromiso de la cavidad nasal entre el 1.5% y 15%, se describe mayor presentación en pacientes entre las séptima y octava décadas de la vida, así como una tendencia de afectación más en mujeres que en hombres y predisposición en pacientes de raza asiática. La histología mayormente hallada es de carácter no epitelial primario. Muchos de los pacientes en series revisadas han tenido diagnóstico subyacente de enfermedad linfoide en otros sitios previo a la presentación de síntomas nasales como obstrucción nasal, epistaxis, edema, cefalea y visión borrosa. Se presenta un caso de paciente de sexo masculino con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide crónica, residente en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en quien durante una dacriocistorrinostomía se halla un linfoma en fosa nasal sin previa presentación de síntomas nasales, masa palpable o síntomas sistémicos.


Malignant tumors in sinonasal areas constitute 3% ­ 5% of all malignant tumors, of which non­Hodgkin lymphomas developing from B cells are those most commonly found. Nasal cavity involvement is described between 1.5% and 15% and is usually found in patients who are in their seventies or eighties. It is more commonly found in women than in men and there is predisposition in Asians. Its histology has been found as non-primary epithelial tumors. Many patients in case series had been diagnosed with primary tumor in other places prior to the presentation of nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis, edema, headache, and blurred vision. This article describes the case report of a male patient diagnosed with chronic lymphoid leukemia residing in Buenos Aires. While the patient was undergoing a dacryocystorhinostomy, a lymphoid tissue was found in the right nostril without previous presentation of nasal symptoms, palpable mass, or systemic symptoms.


Os tumores de características malignas em áreas sinonasais ocupam 3% - 5% de todos os tumores malignos, destes, os linfomas não Hodgkin de células B são os mais comumente encontrados. Se há descrito o compromisso da cavidade nasal entre 1.5% e 15%, se descreve maior apresentação em pacientes entre as sétima e oitava décadas da vida, assim como uma tendência de afetação mais em mulheres do que em homens e pré-disposição em pacientes de raça asiática. A histologia maiormente encontrada é de carácter não epitelial primário. Muitos dos pacientes em séries revisadas têm tido diagnóstico subjacente de doenças linfoide em outros lugares prévio à apresentação de sintomas nasais como obstrução nasal, epistaxe, edema, cefaleia e visão distorcida. Se apresenta um caso de paciente de sexo masculino com diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide crónica, residente na cidade de Buenos Aires, em quem durante uma dacriocistorrinostomia se encontra um linfoma na fossa nasal sem prévia apresentação de sintomas nasais, massa palpável ou sintomas sistémicos.


Subject(s)
Lymphoma , Otolaryngology , Dacryocystorhinostomy , Histology , Lymphoid Tissue , Neoplasms
12.
J. vasc. bras ; 15(3): 210-216, jul.-set. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797960

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto O subgalato de bismuto é um metal pesado e insolúvel, utilizado por suas propriedades adstringentes e hemostáticas. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do subgalato de bismuto na cicatrização mediante observação de miofibroblastos em pele de ratos. Métodos Foram utilizados 60 ratos da linhagem Wistar, que receberam uma ferida no dorso da pele. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (aplicação diária de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%) e experimental (aplicação diária de 0,5 mg de subgalato de bismuto). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos, que foram reoperados para retirada da ferida em 3, 7 e 14 dias. Foi realizada coloração de hematoxilina eosina, picrosirius e imuno-histoquímica para avaliar contagem de miofibroblastos, resposta inflamatória e síntese de colágeno. Resultados Não foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos controle e experimento com relação ao processo inflamatório – subgrupos 3 dias (p = 1), 7 dias (p = 0,474) e 14 dias (p = 303). A avaliação dos colágenos tipo I e III no grupo-controle não demonstrou benefícios de cicatrização – 3 dias (p = 0,436), 7 dias (p = 0,853) e 14 dias (p = 0,436); já no grupo experimental, houve aumento dos colágenos tipos I e III nos subgrupos 3 e 14 dias (p = 0,005). A imuno-histoquímica confirmou os resultados encontrados na coloração hematoxilina eosina, na qual a área de miofibroblastos entre os subgrupos, nos grupos experimental (p = 0,4) e controle (p = 0,336), foi indiferente. Conclusão A utilização do subgalato de bismuto em ferida de pele de ratos não evidenciou benefícios na cicatrização, ou seja, não houve diferença na fibroplasia quando comparados os grupos experimental e controle.


Abstract Background Bismuth subgallate is an insoluble heavy metal that is used for its astringent and hemostatic properties. Objective To evaluate the effects of bismuth subgallate on the healing process by observation of myofibroblasts in the skin of rats. Methods A sample of 60 Wistar rats was used. Each rat was subjected to a dorsal skin wound and allocated to one of two groups: a control group, in which 0.9% sodium chloride was administered daily, or an experimental group, in which 0.5 mg of bismuth subgallate was administered daily. Each of these groups was further subdivided into three subsets, which were reoperated after 3, 7 and 14 days respectively for excision and collection of the skin wound specimens. Samples were treated with hematoxylin eosin, picrosirius, and immunohistochemical staining to enable assessment of myofibroblast counts, inflammatory response phase, and collagen synthesis. Results No inflammatory process differences were detected between the control and experimental groups at 3 days (p = 1), 7 days (p = 0.474), or 14 days (p = 303). Evaluation of types I and III collagen in the control group did not demonstrate healing benefits at 3 days (p = 0.436), 7 days (p = 0.853), or 14 days (p = 0.436); whereas in the experimental group there were increases in types I and III collagen at 3 and 14 days (p = 0.005). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the results of hematoxylin eosin staining, since there were no differences between subsets in terms of area of myofibroblasts, in the experimental (p = 0.4) or the control (p = 0.336) groups. Conclusions Administration of bismuth subgallate to skin wounds in rats did not result in any evidence of benefits to healing, i.e., no difference in fibroplasia was detected when experimental and control groups were compared.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Animal Experimentation/ethics , Myofibroblasts/drug effects , Rats, Wistar/injuries , Wound Healing/physiology , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Otolaryngology/classification , Xylazine/administration & dosage
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-882998

ABSTRACT

Existem diversas alternativas de tratamento para o manejo da epistaxe. O objetivo desse artigo é fornecer parâmetros teóricos para o médico emergencista intervir com segurança no sangramento nasal, sabendo identificar situações que necessitem da avaliação do especialista.


There are several treatment modalities to manage epistaxis. The aim of this article is to provide theorical parameters to the emergency physician safely handle nasal bleeding and guide him when to request specialist evaluation.


Subject(s)
Epistaxis/diagnosis , Epistaxis/therapy , Otolaryngology , Emergencies
14.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 42(4): 254-262, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753420

ABSTRACT

La granulomatosis con poliangeítis (de Wegener) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, sin embargo, el 80 a 90% de los casos tienen manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas, muchas como único síntoma inicial de la enfermedad. Objetivos: El propósito de este artículo es revisar la literatura disponible actualizada sobre granulomatosis con poliangeítis: manifestaciones clínicas, estándares de enfoque, diagnóstico y tratamiento en otorrinolaringología. Diseño: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Materiales y métodos: Revisión de la literatura mediante búsqueda selectiva por términos MeSH: Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Wegener Granulomatosis, de las bases de datos: MEDLINE, Current Contents, Cochrane, Pubmed y Scielo, entre los años 2000 y 2014. Resultados: Se revisaron 39 artículos según los requerimientos de los objetivos. La evidencia científica actual reconoce la importancia del conocimiento sobre granulomatosis con poliangeítis (de Wegener) en otorrinolaringología, para obtener diagnósticos tempranos y ofrecer manejos oportunos. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos de la granulomatosis con poliangeítis (de Wegener) son las únicas herramientas para mejorar el pronóstico y calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad...


Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) is a rare disease, however 80% to 90% of the cases have otolaryngologic manifestations, many as initial symptoms of the disease. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the current literature about granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Clinic manifestations, approach standards, diagnosis and treatment in otolaryngology. Design: Narrative review. Materials and methods: Literature review by selective search for MeSH terms: Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Wegener granulomatosis, in the databases: MEDLINE, Current Contents, Cochrane, PubMed and SciELO, between 2000 and 2014. Results: 39 articles were reviewed according to the requirements of the objectives. Current scientific evidence recognizes the importance of the knowledge about granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) in otolaryngology, in order to give an early diagnosis and to provide an opportune treatment. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) are the only tools to change the prognosis as well as quality of life of patients with this disease...


Subject(s)
Humans , Nasopharynx , Otolaryngology , Health
15.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 80(2): 161-166, Mar-Apr/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709514

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Doença de Forestier afeta a coluna vertebral, preferencialmente em homens Coluna vertebral; idosos. Não é rara, mas é frequentemente não reconhecida e pode levar a relevante morbimortalidade. Quando acomete a coluna cervical, pode gerar importantes manifestações otorrino-Transtornos de laringológicas. Objetivo: Destacar os sintomas faringolaríngeos da doença de Forestier. Método: Revisão da literatura nas bases de dados Web of Knowledge, PubMed e SciELO e entre os dez periódicos de maior número de citações na área de otorrinolaringologia e também busca manual por publicações nas listas de referências dos artigos selecionados, principalmente os de cunho histórico. Resultados: A doença não tem etiologia clara. Os sintomas das complicações são mais exuberantes que os da doença propriamente dita. A disfagia é o sintoma cervical mais conhecido. Outros sintomas discutidos são a apneia do sono, globus faríngeo, tosse, disfonia, dispneia, otalgia reflexa e sintomas medulares compressivos. O diagnóstico é efetuado com apropriado estudo radiológico. O tratamento é baseado em estratégia conservadora. Pacientes com disfagia refratária e comprometimento respiratório podem ser submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusão: A doença de Forestier deve ser suspeitada em pacientes idosos com os principais sintomas das complicações, os quais são comuns na prática otorrinolaringológica, para o início precoce de acompanhamento multidisciplinar. .


Introduction: Forestier's disease affects the spinal column of primarily elderly men. It is not rare, but it is often undiagnosed and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. When it affects the cervical spine, it can result in important otorhinolaryngological manifestations. Objective: To analyze the pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms of the Forestier's disease. Methods: Literature review of the Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and SciELO databases and of the ten most frequently cited journals in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Additionally, a manual search was performed for publications in the reference lists of selected articles, mostly those of a historical nature. Results: The etiology of the disease is still unclear. Symptoms of complications are more significant than the disease itself. Dysphagia is the most common cervical symptom and has several involved mechanisms. Other symptoms are sleep apnea, pharyngeal globus, coughing, dysphonia, dyspnea, otalgia, and medullary compression. The diagnosis is verified by appropriate radiological study. Treatment is based on a conservative strategy. Patients with refractory dysphagia and respiratory impairment can be surgically treated. Conclusion: Forestier's disease should be suspected in elderly patients with the major symptoms of complications, which are common in otorhinolaryngology practice and when identified, a multidisciplinary approach should be instituted as soon as possible. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/complications , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/diagnosis , Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal/therapy
16.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 23(4)out.-dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704948

ABSTRACT

O neuroblastoma olfatório, também conhecido como estesioneuroblastoma (ENB), é tumor maligno de crescimento lento, com origem principalmente na neuroectoderme da cavidade nasal. O pico de incidência do ENB é aos 53 anos, com a maioria dos casos ocorrendo entre os 40 e 70 anos, principalmente em homens. Há poucos relatos de ENB nos seios etmoidal, maxilar e esfenoidal, hipófise e nasofaringe. Esse tumor geralmenteapresenta-se como doença invasiva e tendência a recorrer tardiamente. A disseminação mais frequente do ENB é para os linfonodos cervicais e, se presente, significa pior prognóstico. Seus sintomas são inespecíficos, sendo a obstrução nasal o mais comum. Os exames de imagem são importantes no diagnóstico do ENB, juntamente com o histopatológico e o imuno-histoquímico, que também auxiliam no diagnóstico diferencial. O tratamento cirúrgico de ressecção craniofacial associado à radioterapia apresenta os melhores resultados na sobrevida. Descreve-se seguidamente um caso clínico ilustrativo dessa doença em paciente masculino de oito meses, faixa etária incomum da ENB, com queixa familiar inicial de obstrução nasal e coriza hialina com rajas de sangue...


Olfactory neuroblastoma, also known as esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), is a slow-growing malignant tumor of that originates mainly in the neuroectodermal cells in the nasal cavity. The peak incidence of ENB is at age 53, with the majority of cases occurring between 40 and 70 years, and mostly among men. There are a few reports of ENB in the ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses, or in the pituitary and nasopharynx. This tumor usually presents as an invasive disease with a tendency for later recurrence. The most frequent dissemination of ENB is to the cervical lymph nodes, which represents a worse prognosis. Its symptoms are nonspecific and nasal obstruction is the most common complaint. Imaging tests are important for the diagnosis of ENB, along with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests to help in the differential diagnosis. Surgical treatment of craniofacial resection associated with radiotherapycan achieve the best results for survival. We present a discussion of an illustrative clinical case of the disease in a male patient aged eight months, an unusual age for ENB, brought to attention by an initial family complaint of nasal obstruction and bloodstained hyaline rhinorrhea...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory/diagnosis , Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory/epidemiology
17.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(4): 434-440, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681885

ABSTRACT

Estudos atuais enfatizam a importância da correlação clínico-histológica nas afecções laríngeas. OBJETIVO: Comparar o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico com anatomopatológico de 132 espécimes cirúrgicos, provenientes de 119 pacientes operados de nódulos e pólipos vocais. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo. Foram levantados os blocos de parafina correspondentes às lesões dos pacientes operados. Realizaram-se novos cortes histológicos, totalizando 396 novas lâminas, divididas em três grupos: hematoxilina e eosina, tricômico de Gomori e PAS. Foram analisados os parâmetros histológicos: epitélio, lâmina própria, membrana basal, alterações vasculares. Foram comparados os diagnósticos anatomopatológico e laringológico. Realizou-se análise estatística verificando os aspectos histológicos predominantes em cada lesão. RESULTADOS: Houve concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e anatomopatológico em 123 (93,18%) lesões das 132 analisadas (42,42% nódulos e 50,76% pólipos). Nos parâmetros histológicos, verificou-se: alterações epiteliais como hiperplasia nos nódulos (82,14%) e atrofia nos pólipos (31,34%). Lâmina própria: edema nos pólipos (71,43%), fibrose nos nódulos (57,14%). Membrana basal: espessada nos nódulos (100%), fina/sem alteração nos pólipos (100%). Houve predomínio das alterações vasculares nos pólipos. CONCLUSÃO: Notou-se elevada correlação entre o diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico e o anatomopatológico. Histopatologicamente, nódulos apresentaram-se com alterações predominantemente epiteliais, fibrose na lâmina própria e espessamento da membrana basal, enquanto os pólipos por alterações estritamente de lâmina própria e aspectos vasculares.


Recent studies emphasize the importance of the clinical-histology correlation in laryngeal pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To compare the ENT diagnosis with the pathology diagnosis one of 132 surgical specimens, from 119 patients with vocal nodules and polyps. METHOD: Retrospective study. We investigated the paraffin blocks corresponding to the lesions of the operated patients. We made new histology cross-sections, totaling 396 new slides, divided into three groups: hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori trichrome and PAS. We analyzed the following histological parameters: epithelium, lamina propria, basement membrane, vascular changes. We compared the laryngological and pathological diagnoses, and we did the statistical analysis, checking the predominant histological aspects in each lesion. RESULTS: There was an agreement between the clinical and pathological diagnoses in 123 (93.18%) of 132 lesions analyzed (42.42% nodules and 50.76% polyps). In the histological parameters we found: epithelial changes such as nodules hyperplasia (82.14%) and polyp atrophy (31.34%). Lamina propria: edema in polyps (71.43%), fibrosis in the nodules (57.14%). Basement membrane: thickened nodules (100%), thin/no change in polyps (100%). There was a predominance of vascular changes in the polyps. CONCLUSION: We found a high correlation between the ENT diagnosis and the pathology report. Histopathologically, the nodules presented with predominantly epithelial changes, lamina propria and basement membrane fibrosis, while the polyps by changes strictly on the lamina propria and vascular aspects.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Laryngeal Diseases/pathology , Polyps/pathology , Vocal Cords/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Laryngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Polyps/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies
18.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(4): 487-493, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681894

ABSTRACT

A compreensão dos princípios científicos e a interpretação de artigos é necessária em qualquer especialidade médica. Entretanto, inexistem publicações sobre o conhecimento teórico e prático dos otorrinolaringologistas brasileiros. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a formação e o conhecimento científico de médicos da área de Otorrinolaringologia. MÉTODO: Durante dois congressos nacionais da especialidade, os participantes foram convidados a preencher questionário sobre prática e conhecimento científico para residentes e especialistas dessa área. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Participaram do estudo 73 médicos (52% otorrinolaringologistas e 38% residentes), com idade entre 18 e 65 anos. Cerca de dois terços envolveram-se em alguma atividade científica durante a graduação e/ou referiram já ter escrito um artigo científico. Os médicos que já participaram de projetos de pesquisa sentem-se mais preparados para interpretar um artigo científico e conduzir um projeto de pesquisa (p = 0,0103 e p = 0,0240, respectivamente). Aqueles que participaram de projetos de pesquisa ou já escreveram um artigo tiveram melhor desempenho nos conceitos científicos teóricos (p = 0,0101 e p = 0,0103, respectivamente). Entretanto, o índice geral de acertos nas questões referentes ao conhecimento científico foi de 46,1%. Dessa forma, identificamos que há deficiências na formação científica dos otorrinolaringologistas brasileiros que podem ser atenuadas pela participação em projetos de pesquisa.


Physicians from all medical specialties are required to understand the principles of science and to interpret medical literature. Yet, the levels of theoretical and practical knowledge held by Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists has not been evaluated to date. OBJECTIVE: To assess the background and level of scientific knowledge of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists. METHOD: Participants of two national ENT meetings were invited to answer a questionnaire to assess scientific practice and knowledge. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This study included 73 medical doctors (52% otorhinolaryngologists and 38% residents) aged between 18 and 65 years. About two-thirds have been involved in some form of scientific activity during undergraduate education and/or reported to have written at least one scientific paper. Physicians who took part in research projects felt better prepared to interpret scientific papers and carry out research projects (p = 0.0103 and p = 0.0240, respectively). Respondents who claimed to have participated in research or to have written papers had higher scores on theoretical scientific concepts (p = 0.0101 and p = 0.0103, respectively). However, the overall rate of right answers on questions regarding scientific knowledge was 46.1%. Therefore, a deficiency was observed in the scientific education of Brazilian otorhinolaryngologists. Such deficiency may be mitigated through participation in research.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biomedical Research , Comprehension , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency , Otolaryngology/education , Science/education , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(3): 312-316, maio-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-675685

ABSTRACT

As urgências/emergências em Otorrinolaringologia são desordens comuns e de baixa morbimortalidade, em sua maioria. Existem poucos estudos que abordam a epidemiologia desses atendimentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características epidemiológicas dos atendimentos em pronto-socorro de Otorrinolaringologia em um hospital de alta complexidade no período de 12 meses. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico, tipo corte transversal, retrospectivo com coleta de dados realizada a partir das fichas de atendimento do pronto-socorro de Otorrinolaringologia de um hospital de alta complexidade do estado de São Paulo, pelo período de 12 meses. Foram levantados os dados: idade, sexo, diagnóstico clínico e conduta. Os atendimentos foram divididos em subespecialidades: otologia, rinologia, faringolaringoestomatologia e cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço. Nível de urgência/emergência, etiologia e distribuição mensal dos atendimentos foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Obtidas 17.503 fichas de atendimento, foram excluídas 1.863. Das 15.640 fichas incluídas, a média de idade foi 36,3 anos. 9.818 (62,77%) corresponderam a atendimentos considerados como urgência/emergência. Entre os atendimentos urgência/emergência, 6.422 (65,41%) foram por diagnósticos em otologia e entre os 10 diagnósticos mais prevalentes, sete foram da subespecialidade de otologia. CONCLUSÃO: Dentre os atendimentos em pronto-socorro de Otorrinolaringologia avaliados, 62,77% correspondem a casos de urgência/emergência, com predomínio na subespecialidade de otologia.


Urgent and emergency care are common happenings in ENT practice and most carry low morbidity and mortality. There are but few studies that address the epidemiology of these situations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of care in the emergency department of otorhinolaryngology at a high complexity hospital. METHOD: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study, retrospective with data collection carried out from medical records from the emergency department of otorhinolaryngology of a high complexity hospital in São Paulo, for a period of 12 months. Data collected: age, gender, clinical diagnosis and management. The cases were divided by subspecialty: otology, rhinology, pharyngolaryngeal-stomatology and head and neck surgery. We evaluated the level of urgency/emergency, etiology and monthly distribution of visits. RESULTS: 17,503 medical records were obtained; 1,863 were excluded. Of the 15,640 cases included, the average age was 36.3 years. 9,818 (62.77%) corresponded to cases considered as emergency/urgency. Among the urgency/emergency cases, 6,422 (65.41%) were diagnosed in the ear and among the 10 most prevalent diagnostics, 7 were in the subspecialty of otology. CONCLUSION: Among the patients seen in the emergency department of otolaryngology evaluated in this study, 62.77% corresponded to cases of urgency/emergency, predominantly in the otology subspecialty.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/therapy , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
20.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 24(4): 409-412, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660602

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as mudanças ocorridas após a frenectomia com relação à mobilidade e funções da língua. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 53 sujeitos, os quais nunca haviam se submetido a fonoterapia ou a cirurgia do frênulo. Um protocolo com escores específicos para avaliação do frênulo lingual foi utilizado para avaliar os sujeitos com evidências de alteração neste aspecto. Foi encontrada alteração em dez sujeitos, que foram encaminhados a um otorrinolaringologista para frenectomia. Após a cirurgia, esses sujeitos foram reavaliados pelo fonoaudiólogo utilizando-se o mesmo protocolo. Fotos e vídeos foram usados para comparação. RESULTADOS: Trinta dias após a cirurgia, os sujeitos apresentaram a forma da ponta da língua modificada, assim como os movimentos melhorados. O fechamento labial e a fala também melhoraram. CONCLUSÃO: A frenectomia é eficiente para melhorar a mobilidade e a postura da língua, assim como suas funções, incluindo a produção da fala.


PURPOSE: To describe the changes after frenectomy concerning mobility and functions of the tongue. METHODS: Participants were 53 subjects who had never undergone speech therapy or lingual frenulum surgery. A specific lingual frenulum protocol with scores was used by speech-language pathologists when there was evidence of frenulum alteration. Ten subjects had abnormal frenulum and were referred to an otolaryngologist for frenectomy. After surgery, the subjects were re-evaluated using the same protocol. Photos and videos were taken for comparison. RESULTS: Thirty days after surgery, the subjects had the shape of the tip of the tongue and its movements improved. Lip closure and speech were also improved. CONCLUSION: Frenectomy is efficient to improve tongue posture, tongue mobility, oral functions, and oral communication.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Articulation Disorders/surgery , Lingual Frenum/surgery , Tongue Diseases/surgery , Tongue/physiology , Articulation Disorders/physiopathology , Lingual Frenum/anatomy & histology , Lingual Frenum/physiopathology , Movement , Tongue Diseases/physiopathology , Tongue/anatomy & histology
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